Gabriel tarde theory

French sociologist

"Tarde" redirects here.

Gabriel tarde laws of imitation

Gabriel tarde theory of imitation

Gabriel tarde theory

For other uses, see Tarde (disambiguation).

Gabriel Tarde (French:[taʁd]; in full Jean-Gabriel De Tarde;^[1] 12 March &#;– 13 May ) was a French sociologist, criminologist and social psychologist who conceived sociology as based on small psychological interactions among individuals (much as if it were chemistry), the fundamental forces being imitation and innovation.

Life

Tarde was born and raised in Sarlat in the province of Dordogne.^[2] He studied law at Toulouse and Paris. From to he worked as a magistrate and investigating judge in the province. In the s he corresponded with representatives of the newly formed criminal anthropology, most notably the Italians Enrico Ferri and Cesare Lombroso and the French psychiatrist Alexandre Lacassagne.

With the latter, Tarde came to be the leading representative for a "French school" in criminology.^[3] In he was appointed professor in modern philosophy at the Collège de France. As such he was the most prominent contemporary critic of Durkheim's sociology.

Gabriel tarde criminology How to pronounce Gabriel Tarde. 12/03/ - 13/05/ French sociologist and criminologist. French Social Sciences. Click and listen. Related pronunciations.

Work

Among the concepts that Tarde initiated were the group mind (taken up and developed by Gustave Le Bon, and sometimes advanced to explain so-called herd behaviour or crowd psychology), and economic psychology, where he anticipated a number of modern developments. Tarde was very critical of Émile Durkheim's work at the level of both methodology and theory^[4] such as during the Tarde-Durkheim debate in However, Tarde's insights were ridiculed as "metaphysics" and hastily dismissed by Durkheim and his followers who went on to largely establish the "science" of sociology, and it was not until U.S.

scholars, such as the Chicago school, took up his theories that they became famous.^[5]

Criminology

Tarde took an interest in criminology and the psychological basis of criminal behavior while working as a magistrate in public service. He was critical of the concept of the atavistic criminal as developed by Cesare Lombroso.

Tarde's criminological studies served as the underpinning of his later sociology.^[1]

Tarde also emphasized the tendency of the criminal to return to the scene of the crime and to repeat it, which he saw as part of a wider process of repetition compulsion.^[6]

Imitation

Tarde considered imitation, conscious and unconscious, as a fundamental interpersonal trait, with the imitation of fathers by sons as the primal situation, resting on prestige.^[7]

Tarde highlighted the importance of the creative exemplar in society, arguing that "genius is the capacity to engender one's own progeny".^[8]

Science fiction

Tarde also wrote a science-fiction novel entitled Underground Man (Fragment d'histoire future, ).

The plot is a post-apocalyptic story of an Earth destroyed by a new Ice Age. Humanity must rebuild a new civilization underground. The choice is made to lay the foundation of their utopia on music and art.

Influence

For example, in Difference and Repetition, Deleuze's milestone book which affected his transition to a more socially-aware brand of philosophy and his writing partnership with Guattari, Deleuze in fact re-centered his philosophical orientation around Tarde's thesis that repetition serves difference rather than vice versa.^[12] Also on the heels of the re-release of Tarde's works has come an important development in which French sociologist Bruno Latour has referred to Tarde as a possible predecessor to Actor-Network Theory in part because of Tarde's criticisms of Durkheim's conceptions of the Social.^[2]

A book, The Social after Gabriel Tarde: Debates and Assessments, edited by Matei Candea, was published by Routledge in It provides a set of mature critiques of the recent renaissance of Tarde as well as suggesting models for scholars to use Tarde's thought in their scholarship.

Gabriel tarde laws of imitation: How to pronounce Gabriel Tarde. 12/03/ - 13/05/ French sociologist and criminologist. French Social Sciences. Click and listen. Related pronunciations.

This book includes contributions that philosophically reflect the Latourian (including a contribution from Latour himself) as well as Deleuzian approaches to Tarde, and also highlight a number of new ways Tarde is being adapted in terms of methods in contemporary sociology, particularly in the area of ethnography, and the study of online communities.

Additionally, in , Bruno Latour and Vincent Antonin Lepinay released a short book called The Science of Passionate Interests: An Introduction to Gabriel Tarde's Economic Anthropology, in which they show how Tarde's work offers a strong critique of the foundations of the economics discipline and economic methodology.

Tarde's work has further influenced affect philosophy. For example, in Tony D Sampson's book Virality: Contagion Theory in the Age of Networks used a Tarde inspired imitation thesis to describe the tendency for emotions, feelings and affects to spread "accidentally" on digital networks.^[13]

Works

• La criminalité comparée ()
• La philosophie pénale () - Translated by Rapelje Howell and published as Penal Philosophy in
• Les lois de l'imitation () — ().
  Pronounce gabriel tarde biography How to say Gabriel tarde in English? Pronunciation of Gabriel tarde with 2 audio pronunciations, 1 meaning, 3 translations and more for Gabriel tarde.

  The Laws of Imitation. Translated by Elsie Clews Parsons (2nd&#;ed.). New York: Henry Holt & Company. Retrieved 3 November &#; via Internet Archive.

• Les transformations du droit. Étude sociologique ()
• Monadologie et sociologie ()
• La logique sociale ()
• Fragment d'histoire future () – Translated by Cloudesley Brereton and published as Underground Man in
• L’opposition universelle.

  Essai d'une théorie des contraires ()

• Écrits de psychologie sociale ()
• Les lois sociales.
  Gabriel tarde imitation Wiki content for Gabriel tarde Gabriel Tarde - Jean-Gabriel De Tarde, conocido como Gabriel Tarde (Sarlat-la-Canéda, Dordoña, 12 de marzo de - París, 13 de mayo de ), fue un sociólogo, criminólogo y psicólogo social francés.

  Esquisse d'une sociologie () – Translated to English by Howard C Warren and published in as Social Laws - an Outline of Sociology

• L'opinion et la foule ()
• La psychologie économique (–3)

See also

Notes

References

• Thomassen, Bjørn (1 August ). "Émile Durkheim between Gabriel Tarde and Arnold van Gennep: founding moments of sociology and anthropology".

  Social Anthropology. 20 (3): – doi/jx..

• ^ Bruno Latour (). Reassembling the Social: An Introduction to Actor-Network-Theory (Oxford: Oxford University Press).
• ^ See also: Pietro Semeraro, Il sistema penale di Gabriel Tarde, Padova

Further reading

• Pietro Semeraro, Il sistema penale di Gabriel Tarde, Cedam, Padova
• Realino Marra, Tra pena infamante e utilità del reato.

  Tarde contro Durkheim, ovvero l'espiazione della colpa a fondamento del diritto criminale, in «Dei Delitti e delle Pene», III-1, , pp.&#;49–

• Massimo Borlandi, Tarde et les criminologues italiens de son temps, in Gabriel Tarde et la criminologie au tournant du siècle, Presses Universitaires du Septentrion, Villeneuve d'Ascq,
• Matei Candea, The social after Gabriel Tarde&#;: debates and assessments, Routledge, New York,
• J.

  S. McClelland, The Crowd and the Mob ().

• Robert Leroux, Gabriel Tarde, vie, oeuvres, concepts, Paris, Ellipses,
• Jaap van Ginneken, 'The era of the public – Tarde, social psychology, and interaction', Ch. 5 in JvG, Crowds, psychology and politics , New York: Cambridge University Press,
• Tony D Sampson, Virality: Contagion Theory in the Age of Networks, University of Minnesota Press, Minneapolis, ISBN&#;
• Tony D Sampson: The Assemblage Brain: Sense-Making in Neuroculture, University of Minnesota Press, Minneapolis, ISBN&#;

External links